Guide vane0% open

What this step adds; in part B, live currentParts already in placeA 30 cm crossflow runner under a 15 m head. Water power is 9.81 × flow × head: 40 L/s falling 15 m carries 5.9 kW. Crossflow turbines in remote village schemes run at 70–85% efficiency (Adhikari & Wood, 2018), with a flatter efficiency curve than Pelton or Francis turbines; the model peaks at 82% and assumes the curve stays inside 70–85% from a fifth of full flow up. The guide vane narrows the nozzle, so the jet keeps its full 17.2 m/s (√(2gH)) at any opening. The runner's best speed, about 40√H / D, is 516 rpm; a 3 : 1 belt turns the generator about 1550 rpm, and the belt and generator are taken to keep 85%. The village is taken as a steady 0.8 kW; the controller sends everything else to the ballast heater, so the generator always sees the same load. Unlike the overshot wheel of Machine 23, which turns about 10 rpm under 2.6 m and needs 100 : 1 gearing, the crossflow takes a high head through a pipe and needs only a belt. The plant is drawn at 1 unit = 1 cm; the hillside is shortened, its four terraces standing for the 15 m drop. Runner and pulleys turn at 1/25 of true speed. This is a guide to how the parts go together, not engineering drawings. A full penstock holds a lot of moving water: close the guide vane slowly, never slam it, and keep the air vent open. Generator output is at mains voltage: have the panel and earthing wired by an electrician, and isolate it before you open the housing.